What are your values? I’m asking you, the reader.

As a quick exercise, try to write down ten values you hold dear on a piece of paper. You can use words like – integrity, honesty, family, privacy, or any other value oriented word that comes to mind. However, there’s a catch: You also need to be able to prove to yourself that you live to these values every day.

In a time when artificial intelligence and autonomous systems (AI/AS) are providing more opportunities for personalization and time savings than ever before, it’s critical to pause for a moment to ask, “How will machines know what we value if we don’t know ourselves?”

This isn’t rhetorical, and the play on words is intentional. While it may come easy to criticize programmers creating the code defining AI/AS, where machines or systems that mirror human values come into play, we as individuals need to identify, test, and codify these attributes so we can best help technologists align their creations with our deeply held beliefs.

Thankfully, the rise of applied ethical considerations for artificial intelligence has become a hot topic in the past few months. The formation of the Partnership on AI working to create ethical guidelines for the corporate arena and the Asilomar Principles on AI featuring twenty three principles along these lines are just two examples of recent efforts reinforcing the need to preemptively think about values-driven issues before launching AI/AS products, versus only addressing negative unintended consequences once something is released.

This same mentality is what drove the launch of The IEEE Global Initiative for Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems in April of 2016. A key focus for The IEEE Global Initiative is the creation and updating of Ethically Aligned Design, a document representing an early code of ethics for AI/AS created by over one hundred leading minds in AI, AS, ethics, policy, business, academia, and science. Featuring over eighty Issues from eight different committees, each section also provides Candidate Recommendations to provide directional solutions for readers.

Created to pragmatically help the creators of AI/AS in their work today, it was launched as a Request for Input so readers could actively contribute feedback in the creation of Ethically Aligned Design, version two. Utilizing critique from the RFI and responses at their recent event in Austin, TX, members of The IEEE Global Initiative will release Ethically Aligned Design, Version two, in October of this year. Plans are already in motion to continue to evolve the document in this community oriented, consensus driven process for the creation of a third and future versions of the document while seeking a broader cultural response to the Issues and Recommendations provided. The goal is that Ethically Aligned Design will be seen as a key resource globally as a code of ethics for AI/AS that will stay evergreen as its iterated once a year.

Making It About You

But now back to you and your values. What do you believe? How do you know? Are you living to your values and how can you prove that you are?

As a pragmatic tool to use for a personal experiment I’ve provided a graph (Figure 1) representing a survey I created with Dr. Margaret L. Kern, Senior Lecturer at the Center for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, Melbourne University. Peggy and I created the survey for my non-profit, The Happathon Project a few years back as a way to help people identify and track their beliefs via a methodology called, Values by Design (VBD).

I based the term after Privacy by Design, a methodology for assessing and protecting personal data created by Ann Cavoukian, Ph.D. who at the time was the Information & Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, Canada. I’ve been an advocate of personal data and privacy control for years, not in relation to one’s preferences regarding privacy (e.g., how much information you like to share about yourself on Facebook, etc) but in the vital need to provide every individual with a method for controlling and clarifying how they’d like their data to be shared.

I mention this here because identifying and stating your values to yourself and your others has to come in complement to the access to and safe sharing of your personal data.

But that’s a different article.

For now, check out Figure 1. This shows data from the survey Peggy and I created from the fifty people that participated in the three week experiment we did focused on the increase in positive wellbeing based on the identification of one’s values.

The twelve words listed on the bottom of the graph represent twelve values participants tracked for three weeks, after first identifying their “Values by Design” at the beginning of our experiment.

You can do the same. Here’s how:

1. Look at all twelve values listed here and on a scale of 1–10 ask yourself, “how important is this value to my life right now?” Make a list for all twelve values. This comprises your “Values I.D.” or a portrait of the specific ways you view each of these values in your life in a holistic manner.
2. At the end of the day for a week or two, look at this list again and ask yourself, “did I live to these values today?” Then, for each value, pick a number between one to ten representing how

…

Would you believe I’ve written thousands of articles over the past decade? Each time I write a new article, I have to find a way to make the subject fresh again. I want to ensure that my readers find what I write useful and informative, so I use the following strategies to build credibility with my content. Feel free to use these tips for your own content and see if you attract more blog visitors!

1. Find statistics to back your content

I wanted to find a statistic about using statistics in your content marketing, but couldn’t find one! Until proven otherwise, your content is conjecture. It’s your opinion. That’s why adding statistics and research to your blog articles can help you validate your point of view.

Let’s say I’m writing an article arguing that content marketing can be more effective than any other type of marketing or advertising. That’s just my opinion at this point, but my reader wants proof:

Think content marketing is too big a headache to bother with? Think again, at least if you want to attract new business: content marketing gets 3x the leads per dollar spent than paid search does. Why are you still wasting money on the wrong marketing tactics?

Instantly, I’ve got backup for my argument that content marketing rocks.

Always link to the original source of the statistic. If you found it on a roundup of other statistics, click to the original data. I try to keep the stats I use within a year old so they’re not too crusty to be useful.MORE FOR YOUThis 24-Year-Old Serial Entrepreneur’s Latest Passion: ‘Chibi Dinos’5 Tips From A Retail Entrepreneur Who Grew An 8-Figure BusinessIs It Time To Rethink Your Company’s Benefits?

2. Source experts to share their perspective

Another way to make your blog content more credible is to ask industry experts to weigh in on a topic. There are actually two benefits to this approach: you get their wisdom and then you most likely get their support in sharing your article once it’s published, so your content reaches more people.

I like to have a few questions that I send to select people. If I’m writing an article about content marketing, I might ask:

• Why is content marketing more effective than, say, digital advertising?
• What types of content have you seen phenomenal results with?
• How can businesses drive leads from a blog article?

I’ll send a friendly email to people I already know or who I’m connected with through social media and ask them to answer the questions. I’ll give a deadline so they feel a sense of urgency. The result is a nice, long post with different points of view on my topic.

3. Read what’s out there before you write

Even if you know your subject matter inside and out, you should still know what else has been written on this subject before you dive in. I simply Google my topic and read the top results. I’ll usually get ideas for my content and may wander further down the rabbit hole, searching for more specifics I want to include in my article.

Your goal here isn’t to rehash what’s already been written. It’s to find gaps in the existing content on this topic and find a way to write from a different perspective or present a new angle to the story. You can only do that if you know what’s been published.

4. Bold the good stuff

If you’re like 43% of people, you skim blog posts. (There’s your statistic!) People don’t always have time to sit down and read a 3,000-word post—a trend I’m not a fan of. Say it succinctly. They’ll scroll down the page and try to glean what’s most important in the post.

Rather than fight the nature of human beings, make it easier for them. Bold sentences that contain key facts so they can find them easily.

Beyond that, you should be using headers (typically H2 in the dropdown bar in WordPress) to divide the content into sections to make reading easy.

5. Use images to illustrate a point

If your article is technical or explains a process, take screenshots to show your readers exactly how to do something. I did just that in the last section to show you where to find the H2 option.

If you’ve got a ton of research in your posts, consider creating custom charts, graphs, or infographics to make the data more digestible.

If your content doesn’t lend itself to screenshots or charts, use stock photos to make your posts visually interesting.

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6. Talk to your audience directly

There’s a careful balance to strike between not talking over your readers’ heads while also not treating them like children. You first have to start by knowing who your audience is. If it’s rocket scientists, you better be as smart as a rocket scientist so you can speak intelligently to …

There’s no doubt that the internet has changed the way readers interact with their favorite magazines. While print sales may be steadily dropping, print and digital brands alike would do well to embrace the power of a tech-savvy audience.

These days, it isn’t enough to wait for your audience to come to you. You’ll have to find them. Increasing magazine readership is a great way to get more advertisers or simply increase revenue.

If you’re looking to launch or relaunch your digital magazine, read on. Here are a few tips on how to increase digital magazine readership in simple, cost-effective ways.

Create Your Model Reader

The first step to boosting magazine readership is to figure out who it is you’re targeting in the first place. Every business has a target customer, but few realize it.

Avoid this potentially disastrous mistake by creating a model reader with your team.

Sit down and come up with your magazine’s perfect reader. Include traits like income, background, education level, relationship status, and so on. Essentially, if it’s a socioeconomic factor, it’s relevant.

Now that you’ve got your target audience in mind, ask yourself: are you doing everything you can to reach this person? Is your magazine currently tailored to this person?

It may be necessary to reassess and refocus your current publication.

Establish a Niche

Let’s be frank for a moment, there are thousands of magazines out there. What makes yours different than the rest?

If you don’t have an answer at the ready, it’s likely that your magazine readership is floundering because of a lack of focus.

You see, the internet is a mixed blessing. On one hand, it’s easier than ever to create and publish your own digital magazine. But on the other, ease of access means that anyone can create their own magazine.

As you can imagine, this results in some pretty stiff competition. Readers only have so much time in their day, after all.

Increase readership by focusing on a niche relevant to your target customer. Let’s say, for instance, you’re creating a digital magazine about video games.

Great! But there are plenty of print and digital sources for your reader to find content from. What makes your gaming magazine any different?

It’s worth noting that establishing one’s niche doesn’t always have to come from the topics covered. Sometimes that niche can come from the way certain topics are covered.

A gaming magazine filled with nothing but reviews, for instance, is more targeted than a general gaming magazine. Don’t be afraid to be creative with the way you tackle topics.

Reconsider Your Publication Schedule

You’ll also want to consider how often you’re publishing your digital content. There’s a chance that it’s too frequent or too infrequent for your audience’s taste.

Imagine receiving a new digital magazine once every week, for instance. You’d likely disregard it as spam after a while.

Conversely, if you want too long between publications, your audience may forget about your magazine altogether.

The trick is to find the right balance.

How often can you reasonably publish your magazine without diluting your brand and skimping on content? Don’t be afraid to consider a monthly or even quarterly schedule.

Plenty of popular magazines like hard rock publication Revolver and teen lifestyle publication Teen Vogue have switched to a more relaxed publishing schedule.

Evaluate the Magazine’s Formatting

If you’ve ever used a digital publishing platform, you know how easy it is to get your content into the right format. It’s easy to drag and drop content in a way that looks great for your audience and looks professional to advertisers.

However, it’s never a bad idea to get a second opinion. Double check that your formatting makes sense, not only for your readers but for editors, as well.

You shouldn’t need to spend hours formatting your magazine. That’s time that would be better spent increasing magazine readership through actual content or selling to advertisers.

If you’re not already using a drag-and-drop formatting tool, you’re likely wasting time.

Write for a Digital Audience

If you can, grab the nearest print publication near you and skim through an article. Now compare it to the types of articles you read on the internet every day.

You’ll likely notice a pretty drastic difference. That’s because digital and print publications write in two dramatically different styles.

Print publications tend to go for more third-person, academic articles with quotes and plenty of text. Digital publications may feature shorter, less formal writing with embedded multimedia.

The trick here is to write for your audience. Don’t be afraid to simplify your writing for a more generalized audience. It may just help your magazine readership.

Marketing Your Magazine

While publishing your magazine is important, make sure you don’t forget to advertise. Even if you don’t have a ton of money to spend on advertising, there are plenty of platforms out there that can help you get the word out for a low price, or even free.

Facebook Ads, for example, is one of the most popular advertising platforms out there. You can choose a marketing budget and tailor your advertisements, so the right people are more likely to discover your magazine.

Send Out Surveys

Maybe the best way to increase magazine readership is by getting feedback from readers. Periodically send out a brief survey to readers to get a better sense of what they’re looking for.

A few …

At this extreme moment, we began working from home, away from campus, and keeping social distance for as many
people as possible. As we stay home and are stuck with the foods that have been in our fridge or pantry for a while,
we are temporarily living a sedentary lifestyle with increased odds of physical inactivity, excessive eating and sitting,
stress, anxiety, and depression. In particular, many of us will gain some weight during the pandemic and may keep the
extra weight permanently, which may carry considerable health risks for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart attack,
stroke, and other health problems.
Here, I’d like to share some basic tips and resources for how to maintain your healthy lifestyle, body weight, and
overall well-being while staying home and engaging in social distancing.

1. Measure and Watch Your Weight
   Keeping track of your body weight on a daily or weekly basis will help you see what you’re losing and/or what
   you’re gaining.
2. Limit Unhealthy Foods and Eat Healthy Meals
   Do not forget to eat breakfast and choose a nutritious meal with more protein and fiber and less fat, sugar, and
   calories. For more information on weight-control foods and dietary recommendations, please check the following
   website: www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-causes/diet-and-weight/.
3. Take Multivitamin Supplements
   To make sure you have sufficient levels of nutrients, taking a daily multivitamin supplement is a good idea,
   especially when you do not have a variety of vegetables and fruits at home. Many micronutrients are vital to your
   immune system, including vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, and E, as well as zinc, iron, copper, selenium, and magnesium.
   However, there’s currently NO available evidence that adding any supplements or “miracle mineral supplements”
   to your diet will help protect you from the virus or increase recovery. In some cases, high doses of vitamins can be
   bad for your health.
4. Drink Water and Stay Hydrated, and Limit Sugared Beverages
   Drink water regularly to stay healthy, but there is NO evidence that drinking water frequently (e.g. every 15
   minutes) can help prevent any viral infection. For more information on drinking water and coronavirus, please
   check the following EPA website: www.epa.gov/coronavirus/coronavirus-and-drinking-water-and-wastewater.
5. Exercise Regularly and Be Physically ActiveAt this time, at-home workouts may be a good idea. But you can also walk your dog or run outside. Be sure youknow what’s going on in your area and if there are any restrictions or mandatory self-quarantines. For moreinformation on how to stay physically active while at home, please check the ACSM website: www.acsm.org/read-research/newsroom/news-releases/news-detail/2020/03/16/staying-physically-active-during-covid-19-pandemic.

6. Reduce Sitting and Screen Time
   Exercise can’t immunize you from your sedentary time. Even people who exercise regularly could be at increased
   risk for diabetes and heart disease and stroke if they spend lots of time sitting behind computers. Practically
   speaking, you could consider taking breaks from sedentary time, such as walking around the office/room a couple
   of times in a day.
7. Get Enough Good Sleep
   There is a very strong connection between sleep quality and quantity and your immune system. You can keep your
   immune system functioning properly by getting seven to eight hours of sleep each night. For more information,
   please check the CDC website: www.cdc.gov/sleep/index.html.
8. Go Easy on Alcohol and Stay Sober
   Drinking alcohol does not protect you from the coronavirus infection. Don’t forget that those alcohol calories can
   add up quickly. Alcohol should always be consumed in moderation. Please see the recommendations by the AHA:
   www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/nutrition-basics/alcohol-and-heart-health.
9. Find Ways to Manage Your Emotions
   It is common for people to have feelings of fear, anxiety, sadness, and uncertainty during a pandemic. To minimize
   stress-related weight gain, you use this information about stress and coping provided by the CDC: www.cdc.gov/
   coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/managing-stress-anxiety.html.
10. Use an App to Keep Track of Your Movement, Sleep, and Heart Rate
    A reminder: People with serious chronic medical conditions, including extreme obesity, diabetes, and heart disease
    are at a higher risk of experiencing complications and getting very sick from the COVID-19 infection. They should talk
    to their medical providers and listen to their advice.

…

Football (Soccer) is one of the oldest sports in the world and with that; it’s also one of the most recognised. The pinnacle of the international game comes in the form the Football World Cup. There are also tournament such as the Euro Championships, Copa America and the African Cup of Nations. Domestically the strongest leagues come from England (English Premier League), Spain (La Liga), Italy (Serie A) and Germany (Bundesliga). In parts of the world the sport is also known as Soccer.

Object of the Game

The aim of football is to score more goals then your opponent in a 90 minute playing time frame. The match is split up into two halves of 45 minutes. After the first 45 minutes players will take a 15 minute rest period called half time. The second 45 minutes will resume and any time deemed fit to be added on by the referee (injury time) will be accordingly.

Players & Equipment

Each team consists of 11 players. These are made up of one goalkeeper and ten outfield players. The pitch dimensions vary from each ground but are roughly 120 yards long and 75 yards wide. On each pitch you will have a 6 yard box next to the goal mouth, an 18 yard box surrounding the 6 yard box and a centre circle. Each half of the pitch must be a mirror image of the other in terms of dimensions.

Essentially the equipment that is needed for a soccer match is pitch and a football. Additionally players can be found wearing studded football boots, shin pads and matching strips. The goalkeepers will additionally wear padded gloves as they are the only players allowed to handle the ball. Each team will have a designated captain.

Scoring

To score the ball must go into your opponent’s goal. The whole ball needs to be over the line for it to be a legitimate goal. A goal can be scored with any part of the body apart from the hand or arm up to the shoulder. The goal itself consists of a frame measuring 8 feet high and 8 yards wide.

Winning the Game

To win you have to score more goals than that of your opponents. If the scores are level after 90 minutes then the game will end as a draw apart from in cup games where the game can go to extra time and even a penalty shootout to decide the winner. Players must use their feet to kick the ball and are prohibited to use their hands apart from goalkeepers who can use any part of their body within the 18 yard box (of which more can be found out in the next section).

Rules of Football (Soccer)

• A match consists of two 45 minutes halves with a 15 minute rest period in between.
• Each team can have a minimum off 11 players (including 1 goalkeeper who is the only player allowed to handle the ball within the 18 yard box) and a minimum of 7 players are needed to constitute a match.
• The field must be made of either artificial or natural grass. The size of pitches is allowed to vary but must be within 100-130 yards long and 50-100 yards wide. The pitch must also be marked with a rectangular shape around the outside showing out of bounds, two six yard boxes, two 18 yard boxes and a centre circle. A spot for a penalty placed 12 yards out of both goals and centre circle must also be visible.
• The ball must have a circumference of 58-61cm and be of a circular shape.
• Each team can name up to 7 substitute players. Substitutions can be made at any time of the match with each team being able to make a maximum of 3 substitutions per side. In the event of all three substitutes being made and a player having to leave the field for injury the team will be forced to play without a replacement for that player.
• Each game must include one referee and two assistant referee’s (linesmen). It’s the job of the referee to act as time keeper and make any decisions which may need to be made such as fouls, free kicks, throw ins, penalties and added on time at the end of each half. The referee may consult the assistant referees at any time in the match regarding a decision. It’s the assistant referee’s job to spot offside’s in the match (see below), throw ins for either team and also assist the referee in all decision making processes where appropriate.
• If the game needs to head to extra time as a result of both teams being level in a match then 30 minutes will be added in the form of two 15 minute halves after the allotted 90 minutes.
• If teams are still level after extra time then a penalty shootout must take place.
• The whole ball must cross the goal line for it to constitute as a goal.
• For fouls committed a player could receive either a yellow or red card depending on the severity of the foul; this comes down to the referee’s discretion. The yellow is a warning and a red card is a dismissal of that player. Two yellow cards will equal one red. Once a player is sent off then they cannot be replaced.
• If a ball goes out of play

…

We all want a bright green lawn, but after a harsh summer or winter, your turf is likely a little dull, thin or patchy. 

To revitalize your grass, you may consider aerating and overseeding, or creating holes in your soil to plant fresh seedlings. In fact, when done correctly, aerating and overseeding can be extremely beneficial to the wellbeing of your turf. Unfortunately, mistakes can be all too easy to make— and could cost time and money, with little return.

Be sure to avoid these seven aeration and overseeding mistakes to get the thick, healthy look you desire:

1. You don’t choose the right equipment.

We’ve all seen the do-it-yourselfers walking across their lawn in cleats, poking holes in the soil. Instead of investing in an aeration machine, they think aerating is just about creating holes— but actually, the concentrated force of stepping with a spiked shoe further compacts your soil. Even spike aerators, which use a solid tine or fork to poke holes, can cause additional compaction in the areas around the holes.

For best results, use a plug aerator, which removes a core, or plug, of grass and soil from your lawn. Look for an aerating tool or machine that removes soil plugs approximately two to three inches deep and roughly half to three quarters of an inch  in diameter, about two to three inches apart. 

2. You don’t know how to use your aeration machine and accidentally damage your turf.

After you choose the right aeration equipment, much of the success of your new growth will be the result of how well you operate the aerator. Walk-behind aerators are a common choice but can be heavy to push. Large lawns can mean achy arms and sloppy navigating, resulting in inconsistent growth. 

In addition, during each turn, you must disengage the tines by lifting up from the handle to prevent damaging the turf. This can be time-consuming, so instead, some operators will lift and spin the whole unit when it’s time to turn, potentially causing compaction and bare spots later on. Make sure you choose the right machine and understand how to use it to ensure the best results for your lawn. 

3. You aerate and overseed during the wrong time of the year.

The proper time to aerate is when new life has the greatest chance to grow in your region. You wouldn’t want to aerate and overseed too early, before the last frost hits for example, and kill the seeds. You also wouldn’t want to do it during the peak of a hot summer, when the harsh sun and temperature suppress new growth. 

For cool-season grasses, common in northern lawns, aerate early fall or spring. Warm-season grasses, common to southern lawns, grow best in the late spring or very early summer. Not sure which applies to you? Here in Pennsylvania, cool air and moist soil in the fall and spring make it the perfect time to lay fresh turf, helping to build greater resistance against disease, insects, and drought.

4. You aerate and overseed during dry conditions. 

Aerating is easy on your turf, and you, when your soil is slightly moist. Overly dry and compact soil is harder to penetrate and requires more manual effort to push the machinery. Especially during times of drought when you grass is already stressed, it’s best to wait until the day after a good rainfall before aerating.

5. You don’t keep your lawn moist after aerating and overseeding.

After planting the seeds, you must make sure they’re covered with moist soil— at least a fourth of an inch— to foster growth. A common mistake rookie aerators and overseeders make is thinking that the natural rain cycle will provide all the water you need, but a few days without moisture could mean bad news for a new seed. 

For about three weeks after seeding, or until the grass begins to peek out of the dirt, set a daily watering schedule. Once the grass has gained a little height, you can ease back to your normal pattern.

6. You mow too soon.

After you lay down your seedlings, they’ll need time and the right environmental protection to grow. They’ll need to acclimate and set roots before the first mow, so during the first two to four weeks post aerating and overseeding, don’t mow. This time varies depending on your area and the type of grass you planted; for example, fescue and ryegrass typically take about 10 to 14 days to germinate, while Kentucky bluegrass might take up to four weeks. A lawn care professional can advise you on the right timespan. 

During this sensitive time of growth, try to allow avoid heavy foot traffic on your property, which could compact the seeds too deeply. Once the grass reaches about three to three and half inches, you can fire up the mower for a fresh cut.

7. You fight weeds too early.

Weed control can work wonders keeping invasive growth at bay on a healthy turf, but chemicals and herbicides can harm seeding’s roots and fresh blades. Even organic and natural solutions can cause stress on the young plants, so it’s often best to wait until your grass is strong before laying down any weed control substances. We advise waiting until you’ve mowed your new grass four to five times before tackling any emerging weeds.

Sometimes, It’s Better to Trust

…

Perhaps the most misguided belief about tutoring services available to college students today is the idea that tutoring is only needed when a pupil is falling behind or failing a subject. On the contrary, obtaining a tutor, or using your college’s various tutoring services, is a great way for students of all degrees, disciplines, academic years and levels of study to excel in their academic work.

According to the Statistics in Belief article, Students Use of Tutorial Services (2009), “tutoring has a history as a toll to improve students’ academic achievement in the United States.” Tutoring is a means by which all pupils can ensure they are making the most of their college experience. By doing so, graduates are able to apply all they’ve learned into a rewarding and successful after college experience.

The Purpose of Tutoring

Tutoring services play a key role in the overall success of any college or university, not just the overall success of the students being tutored. The mission for any tutoring service is to ensure academic excellence for the whole of the student body by providing a place, assistance, group of people, and/or the right resources to encourage pupils to seek help when and where the need it.

Tutoring is not a replacement for what can be learned in the classroom or from a professor or teacher. However, it is a strong resource for learning that works closely with and alongside what happens in the classroom and in home study.

Tutoring is meant to aid a pupil through a subject, assignment or area of study that seems difficult otherwise. It is meant to be a comfortable alternative for receiving additional help from a professional teacher. Sometimes students feel intimidated by their professors and are unlikely or unwilling to ask them for help. Since talking to your professor can feel difficult, tutoring services offer an alternative, although not a replacement, when students need additional help with any subject matter.

Forms and Types of Tutoring Services

According to the California Research Bureau there are four main types of tutorial services offered at the collegiate level (Academic Tutoring and Mentoring: A Literature Review).

They are:

• Surrogate Teaching
• Proctoring or peer-to-peer tutoring
• Co-tutoring
• Teacherless groups

Let’s talk about each.

Surrogate teaching happens when students delegate teaching to other students. Often times this is done in graduate programs with graduate or Ph.D. students teaching classes of undergrads or their peers. An example would be if a graduate student of American literature teaches an introductory course to other graduates in the same program.

Proctoring happens when pupils engage in one-to-one tutoring from peers who are at a similar or lower level than they are. This is often called peer-to-peer tutoring and is one of the most commonly seen form of tutoring in universities across the United States.

THE GOAL OF PEER-TO-PEER TUTORING IS TO MASTER ANY PARTICULAR AREA OF STUDY FOR BOTH THE TUTOR AND THE GROUP OF PUPILS. THIS CAN BE SEEN WHEN A STUDENT IS SELF-PACED, USING GUIDES, BOOKS AND LECTURES ONLY CALLING ON THE PROCTOR TO STEP IN WHEN NECESSARY.

Co-tutoring is similar to proctoring, but it is a bit more informal. Where as a proctor is elected to take on the role of the tutor to help one particular student, co-tutoring involves two pupils who work together to tutor each other in a shared discipline or area of study. Sometimes co-tutoring can be formalized by an institution or university, and tutoring services will place students with others seeking the same type of help. This successful branch of tutoring allows students to encourage each other rather than one tutor or proctor lead another student in his or her learning.

Teacherless groups are considered a variation on tutoring because it involves peer-led discussions in the absence of a professor, guide or teacher. In this way, the students essentially teach themselves by challenging each other and moving at a pace that suits the group. Often times teachers will assign work to the groups, but the peers themselves carry out the learning and teaching for each assignment on their own.

Tutoring services can range from peer-to-peer help with particular assignments like research papers or presentations to help in a certain subject, and even to formal offices or campus centers like a writing center that offers a particular kind of tutoring service. Many campuses also offer research and library services within their libraries and focused tutoring centers within varying degree programs such as computer labs, math reviews, and science centers to name a few.

The services you seek out may be one-time help or a reoccurring block of appointments to help you through a subject, project or class. Most tutoring centers have office hours, allow for consultations so you can find the right kind of tutoring help, and are flexible in how and when you receive your tutoring services. If you have any special requests, such as a learning disability, special concerns or mental health challenges, or if you are an ESL student, be sure to inform your tutoring department at the onset of your sessions so they can better serve you and your needs.

How Tutoring Can Help You

If you are struggling in any subject, tutoring is a way to get a little extra help outside of the classroom. In addition, the tutor will be able to guide you through assignments and …

Julie Bartholomew writes about two exhibitions that reveal the mysteries of making.

Transference: Works by Jo Victoria and Robyn Campbell

Integrating glass and porcelain is a passionate focus of my art practice, so writing about two artists who are exploring these exquisite materials, each requiring challenging processes of making, is an exciting task. However, discussing art objects that I have not experienced in ‘real’ life and time is unfamiliar, although 2020 is a year for unparalleled experiences. The art world must move forward by expanding its virtual engagement so artists, writers, galleries and their audiences remain connected, enabling forms of physical distancing to reboot our lives. Fortunately, I have walked around, touched and engaged with Jo Victoria and Robyn Campbell’s earlier work during exhibitions and studio visits. Memories of haptic body and object interactions—gliding fingers across clay surfaces and soaking up the three dimensionalities of an object whilst sharing the same space – seem more crucial now than ever before.

The exhibition titled Transference—the action of transferring something—encapsulates Victoria and Campbell’s shared enthusiasm for light in action. Both artists engage with porcelain and glass forms to activate reflections, shadows, glints, shimmers, flickers and transience. Within bodies of porcelain, light animates a soft white translucency, and in bodies of kiln cast and slumped glass, light radiates a crystal-like transparency.

As demonstrated by the artists’earlier work, form is realised in very distinct ways. Victoria deconstructs the solidity of form by allowing light to pierce through fragmented or perforated slip-cast segments and organic burn-outs. Campbell reinforces shape and form by attaining a continuity of surface across planes of porcelain, glass and enclosed structures. For Campbell, this approach encourages reflected light to transit smoothly and quietly across open vessels and enclosed objects that are nestled within.

Sharing an enthusiasm for the natural environment, Victoria’s porcelain forms echo the fragility of disintegrating organic matter or fractured shells found at the edge of oceans. Reflective high gloss glazes and aquamarine kiln slumped glass capture the transitory and fleeting ocean light that is so fundamental to her practice.

Campbell’s glass and porcelain pieces reconfigure patterns and shapes experienced during nature walks, as essential and simple material manifestations. The interplay between open and enclosed organic forms, intensified by fleeting light and shadow, transmits a visual narrative that speaks to protection, shelter, containment, calmness and tranquillity. Pool and Echoin particular visualises the interrelated natural world in a refined and sensuous manner.

Transference is an exhibition that foregrounds the capacity of light to activate inanimate clay and glass forms and suggests the beauty and transience of the natural world. This show presents a collection of stunning pieces and given the opportunity, audiences would marvel at their beauty, strength, vulnerability and obvious dedication to craftmanship. On the other hand, Transference may also allude to the act of sharing material knowledge, skills and different responses to the world of nature. Trained as a glass artist, Robyn Campbell suggests the quiet beauty of landscapes with the interplay of light and relational porcelain and glass forms. Trained as a ceramics artist, Jo Victoria captures and reflects light through the fragility of porcelain and glass forms to advocate for the transcendence of seascapes. Transference is the end result of a collaborative narrative between the artists that encapsulates a passion for porcelain, glass, light and the natural world that they occupy.

A Common Thread: Works by Harriet McKay and Sam Gold

Touch and haptic are fundamental aspects of material and process-oriented art practices. Intimacy between bodies and materials during long periods of repetitive physical engagement engenders artwork that is guided by the procurement of material knowledge and processes that activate relational and often cathartic experiences. Sam Gold and Harriet McKay explore these processes of connectedness, a common thread aligning their distinct approaches to making. 

Gold draws attention to the labour of hands that manipulate threads of clay. Repetitive movements conjoin body, material and mind to form voluminous structures that lay bare the rhythms of making. McKay’s intensive processes of layering threads of naturally dyed felt, calico and raw canvas, form rich and worn textured surfaces. McKay’s fibrous collages disclose the reiterative hand and material interplay. 

Time is fundamental to Gold and McKay’s individual practices because both artists embrace repetitive crafting, as does Adelaide textile artist Sera Waters who refers to her own practice as ‘using time to make time …’ Waters describes a repetitive body and object interaction as opening space for thinking about the world in a different way. Therefore, immersive making may be understood as activating an interconnection between body, material and mind. As philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty argues, all our senses are connected, both body and mind are needed to form experience. 

From the perspective of the viewer, art objects that reveal enduring acts of making can trigger a prolonged moment of consideration. The duration of the making and the artist’s time is often noticeably apparent, and the viewer reciprocates by spending time with the work as its fullness unfolds.  

Gold’s groupings of stoic, bulbous forms emanate a silent strength. The viewer is able to glimpse inside these vessels, through mostly small openings, that provide access to a hidden, mysterious inner space. For Gold, the vessel’s interior holds significance. Her new series ‘takes inspiration from seeds, what emerges from the internal space, what could grow from within…’.   The …

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It’s been a long 12 months, and before we kick 2018 to the curb, we’re looking back at all of the most memorable, game-changing fashion and beauty things that went down. Follow along with us as we look back at the year in review.

Every December, we comb through the year’s newsstand to chart how diversity and inclusion have been reflected on the covers of the leading U.S. fashion magazines. Looking back on 2017 last December, we were disappointed to report that diversity on the covers of 10 major titles — Allure, Cosmopolitan, Elle, Glamour, Harper’s Bazaar, InStyle, Marie Claire, Teen Vogue, Vogue, and W — saw a slight decline as compared to the year before: 48 of 153 covers — 31.4 percent — featured people of color*, a 4 percent dip from the numbers we reported in 2016. 

But in 2016, there was progress to celebrate: Those same publications (substituting Marie Claire for Nylon, as this was prior to the latter’s print closure) saw 52 of 147 covers — 35.4 percent — starring people of color*. In 2015 and 2014, 19.7 and 19.8 percent of covers, respectively, starred people of color*.

So, how would 2018 stack up? Perhaps the September issues — which we don’t normally analyze on their own — were a promising sign, with 54.5 percent of covers featuring people of color*, a 32.3 percent increase from 2017.

Indeed, they were. But before we get into this year’s data, a few notes: For consistency’s sake, we reviewed the covers of nine of the same titles we looked at in 2017, but due to Teen Vogue ceasing print operations, we omitted it altogether. As with previous years, we focused only on domestic fashion magazines, rather than independent or international titles, as well as on newsstand covers, rather than subscriber ones (which may have featured different cover stars). Finally, we’ve included a footnote at the bottom of this article explaining how we’ve categorized “nonwhite*” for the purpose of this story.

Of all the covers we reviewed this year, we found that 62 of 128 covers — 48.4 percent — starred people of color*, a record 17 percent jump from 2017. That’s higher than any increase we’ve seen in the five years we’ve compiled this report; the second highest, from 2015 to 2016, came in at 15.7 percent.

InStyle saw the most diversity this year: TheLaura Brown-led publication featured people of color* on 75.0 percent of its issues.Allure and Glamour (the latter of which announced the folding of its print edition in November) came next, both with nine of its 14 covers — 64.3 percent — starring people of color*. This was closely followed by Cosmopolitan, with six of its 13 — 46.2 percent — and W, with seven of its 16 — 43.8 percent. Vogue, Marie Claire, Elle and Harper’s Bazaar comprised the bottom four, in that order. While Elle and Harper’s Bazaar saw slight increases in their own cover diversity as compared to 2017, Vogue and Marie Claire remained stagnant with 41.7 and 37.5 percent, respectively, in both 2018 and 2017. Meanwhile, InStyle saw the most improvement: In 2017, the publication featured just two nonwhite* covers and this year, upped it to nine. 

In terms of age diversity, Mia Farrow, 73, and Oprah, 64, covered Elle and InStyle, respectively; Angela Basset, 60, fronted both Allure and Elle in November. With size diversity, Glamour and InStyle put non-sample-size women like Melissa McCarthy and Chrissy Metz on their covers. And in regards to LGBTQ+ representation, openly transgender actress Daniela Vega shared W‘s Volume 1 cover with Robert Pattinson.

The magazine industry could clearly do better in those categories, and we would be remiss if we didn’t acknowledge the stunning lack of Asian inclusion across the board — especially considering the landmark success (and incredible, high-fashion costumes) of “Crazy Rich Asians” in the box office and throughout popular culture. (As of September, the movie had grossed $165.7 million, making it the U.S.’s highest-grossing romantic comedy in 10 years.) As Fashionista Tyler McCall questioned in August: “‘Crazy Rich Asians’ is the kind of stunning summer blockbuster — coming out in August — that should land its stars major September covers.” And yet, she asked, where were they? “Fashion media should be tripping over themselves for these ladies!”  

Janelle Monáe, Zoë Kravitz, Camila Cabello, Nicole Kidman and Kendall Jenner racked up the most covers of the year with three each; of the “Instagirls,” Gigi and Bella Hadid walked away with two.

That 2018 saw significant strides being made in diversity while also marking the first year of a number of new editors in media (including Samantha Barry joining and relaunching Glamour) is likely not a coincidence. It’s no secret that the future of print magazines as we know them is, at best, quite precarious. But as these publications continue in the traditional format, we can rest assured knowing that diversity and inclusion appear to be a priority when it comes to selecting cover stars.

Below, review what 2018 looked like on the newsstand, as well as how these nine major U.S. magazines did compared to last year and the year before.

“ALLURE”

Nonwhite* domestic covers in 2018: 9/14 (Lupita Nyong’o, Adwoa Aboah, Sasha Lane, Soo Joo Park, Fei Fei Sun, Fernanda Ly, Janelle Monáe, Rihanna, Angela Bassett)
Nonwhite* domestic covers in 2017: 6/12 (Zendaya, Alicia Keys, Dilone/Imaan Hammam/Aamito Lagum shared cover, Zoë Kravitz, …